Docker
type
status
date
slug
summary
tags
category
icon
password
镜像以及仓库搜索镜像下载镜像下载指定的标签tag查看本地镜像给镜像打标签删除镜像本地镜像推送推送本地镜像到远程查看容器操作日志镜像的导入导出容器查看容器run容器ti 创建交互式容器-rm 启动一个退出即删除容器-d 启动一个后台容器exec/attach 进入置为后台已经启动的容器--name 启动容器的时候指定名称删除容器实现数据拷贝部署Nginx 以及端口映射p 映射端口挂载数据卷匿名挂载数据卷具体挂载数据卷查看容器运行的细节运行容器传递环境变量
镜像以及仓库
搜索镜像
//-f STARS=3000 搜索 STARS 大于 300 [root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql -f STARS=3000 NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 14043 [OK] mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 5357 [OK]
下载镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/centos a1d0c7532777: Pull complete Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177 Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest docker.io/library/centos:latest
下载指定的标签tag
docker pull centos:8.3.2011 [root@localhost /]# docker pull centos:8.3.2011 8.3.2011: Pulling from library/centos Digest: sha256:5528e8b1b1719d34604c87e11dcd1c0a20bedf46e83b5632cdeac91b8c04efc1 Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:8.3.2011 docker.io/library/centos:8.3.2011
查看本地镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE registry.sim.scutbot.cn/simulatorx/2023ul beta-1.1.1.5 b6e6318c172b 2 weeks ago 940MB minio/minio latest c5442c4190b8 2 months ago 254MB whyour/qinglong 2.10.13 5997b3824cbe 15 months ago 434MB centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 19 months ago 231MB
给镜像打标签
[root@localhost ~]# docker tag b6e6318c172b docker.io/scutbot/simlatorx [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE registry.sim.scutbot.cn/simulatorx/2023ul beta-1.1.1.5 b6e6318c172b 2 weeks ago 940MB scutbot/simlatorx latest b6e6318c172b 2 weeks ago 940MB minio/minio latest c5442c4190b8 2 months ago 254MB whyour/qinglong 2.10.13 5997b3824cbe 15 months ago 434MB centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 19 months ago 231MB [root@localhost ~]# docker tag b6e6318c172b docker.io/scutbot/simlatorx:v1.0.1 [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE scutbot/simlatorx latest b6e6318c172b 2 weeks ago 940MB scutbot/simlatorx v1.0.1 b6e6318c172b 2 weeks ago 940MB registry.sim.scutbot.cn/simulatorx/2023ul beta-1.1.1.5 b6e6318c172b 2 weeks ago 940MB minio/minio latest c5442c4190b8 2 months ago 254MB whyour/qinglong 2.10.13 5997b3824cbe 15 months ago 434MB centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 19 months ago 231MB
删除镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images | grep scutbot scutbot/simlatorx latest b6e6318c172b 2 weeks ago 940MB scutbot/simlatorx v1.0.1 b6e6318c172b 2 weeks ago 940MB registry.sim.scutbot.cn/simulatorx/2023ul beta-1.1.1.5 b6e6318c172b 2 weeks ago 940MB //删除对应为lasest标签的镜像 [root@localhost ~]# docker rmi scutbot/simlatorx:latest Untagged: scutbot/simlatorx:latest [root@localhost ~]# docker images | grep scutbot scutbot/simlatorx v1.0.1 b6e6318c172b 2 weeks ago 940MB registry.sim.scutbot.cn/simulatorx/2023ul beta-1.1.1.5 b6e6318c172b 2 weeks ago 940MB //删除同样imagesID的镜像 [root@localhost /]# docker rmi -f 300e315adb2f Untagged: itying/centos:v1.0.1 Untagged: centos:8.3.2011
本地镜像推送
[root@localhost ~]# docker login Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one. Username: dreamini Password: ******* WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded [root@localhost ~]# cat .docker/config.json { "auths": { "https://index.docker.io/v1/": { "auth": "ZHJlYW1pbmk6dipjMlVtaTYmLXRCTEIy" } } }
推送本地镜像到远程
[root@localhost ~]# docker tag 9ed4aefc74f6 docker.io/dreamini/alpine:v1.01 [root@localhost ~]# docker push docker.io/dreamini/alpine:v1.01 The push refers to repository [docker.io/dreamini/alpine] f1417ff83b31: Pushed v1.01: digest: sha256:b6ca290b6b4cdcca5b3db3ffa338ee0285c11744b4a6abaa9627746ee3291d8d size: 528 [root@localhost ~]#
如果遇到
*denied: requested access to the resource is denied* ，意思是没有权限，请将标签打为docker.io/本人用户名/***查看容器操作日志
docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER[OPTIONS]
- f:跟踪日志输出
- -since:显示某个时间开始的所有日志
- t:显示时间戳
- -tail:仅列出最新N条容器日志
镜像的导入导出
- 镜像导出
[root@VM-12-2-centos ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE alpine latest 5e2b554c1c45 3 weeks ago 7.33MB minio/minio latest c5442c4190b8 3 months ago 254MB whyour/qinglong 2.10.13 5997b3824cbe 17 months ago 434MB [root@VM-12-2-centos ~]# docker save 5e2b554c1c45 > dreamin.apline.txt.tar [root@VM-12-2-centos ~]# ls bt-mysql-install.log bt-pure-ftpd.log dreamin.apline.txt.tar ghproxy.sh mysql.sh off_install.sh phpmyadmin.sh
- 镜像导入
[root@VM-12-2-centos ~]# docker load < dreamin.apline_1.txt.tar bb01bd7e32b5: Loading layer [==================================================>] 7.618MB/7.618MB Loaded image ID: sha256:5e2b554c1c45d22c9d1aa836828828e320a26011b76c08631ac896cbc3625e3e [root@VM-12-2-centos ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE <none> <none> 5e2b554c1c45 3 weeks ago 7.33MB minio/minio latest c5442c4190b8 3 months ago 254MB whyour/qinglong 2.10.13 5997b3824cbe 17 months ago 434MB [root@VM-12-2-centos ~]# docker tag 5e2b554c1c45 dremain/alpine:latest [root@VM-12-2-centos ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE dremain/alpine latest 5e2b554c1c45 3 weeks ago 7.33MB minio/minio latest c5442c4190b8 3 months ago 254MB whyour/qinglong 2.10.13 5997b3824cbe 17 months ago 434MB
容器
类似 linux 系统环境，运行和隔离应用。容器从镜像启动的时候，docker会在镜像的最上一层创建一个可写层，镜像本身是只读的，保持不变。容器与镜像的关系，就如同面向编程中 对象与类之间的关系。 因为容器是通过镜像来创建的，所以必须先有镜像才能创建容器，而生成的容器是一个独立 于宿主机的隔离进程，并且有属于容器自己的网络和命名空间。
查看容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 2970f02eee30 registry.sim.scutbot.cn/simulatorx/2023ul:beta-1.1.1.5 "/bin/sh -c '\"python…" 3 weeks ago Up 5 days SimulatorX-2023ul 132b83309076 minio/minio "/usr/bin/docker-ent…" 2 months ago Up 5 days 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp, :::9000->9000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9090->9090/tcp, :::9090->9090/tcp minio1 c66fc605c364 whyour/qinglong:2.10.13 "./docker/docker-ent…" 2 months ago Up 5 days 0.0.0.0:5700->5700/tcp, :::5700->5700/tcp qinglong
run容器
-i :表示启动一个可交互的容器，并持续打开标准输入 -t: 表示使用终端关联到容器的标准输入输出上 -d :表示容器放置后台运行 --rm:退出后即删除容器 --name :表示定义容器唯一名称 -p 映射端口 -v 指定路径挂载数据卷 -e 运行容器传递环境变量 IMAGE :表示要运行的镜像 COMMAND :表示启动容器时要运行的命令
ti 创建交互式容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -ti centos /bin/bash [root@badc3a042c24 /]# ls bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var [root@badc3a042c24 /]# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 10: eth0@if11: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0 inet 172.17.0.4/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever //exit: 容器停止并退出 //ctrl+p+q：容器不停止退出 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES badc3a042c24 centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute peaceful_roentgen a4e36e1f4282 centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (130) 2 minutes ago gifted_hofstadter
-rm 启动一个退出即删除容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --rm centos /bin/echo hello hello
-d 启动一个后台容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -ti -d centos 70fac0e7d2dd215c3cde6d30a88392cbeefb8f7fd869aea63acfa7ad2b8d2488 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 70fac0e7d2dd centos "/bin/bash" 16 seconds ago Up 15 seconds beautiful_edison
exec/attach 进入置为后台已经启动的容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -ti 70fac0e7d2dd /bin/sh sh-4.4# ls bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -ti 70fac0e7d2dd /bin/bash [root@70fac0e7d2dd /]# ls bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var [root@localhost ~]# docker attach 70fac0e7d2dd [root@70fac0e7d2dd /]# ls bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var [root@70fac0e7d2dd /]# exit exit
区别：
- docker exec：进入容器开启一个新的终端（常用）执行exit退出的时候不会停止容器
- docker attach：进入容器正在执行的终端 exit 退出会停止容器
--name 启动容器的时候指定名称
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it -d --name MyCentOs centos /bin/bash 9685a41507e9a02dc81f0fa2ead5d7bb7591e4e0ba9e429ba76b21e3a4ec6c93 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 9685a41507e9 centos "/bin/bash" 54 seconds ago Up 53 seconds MyCentOs
另：start 启动 stop 停止 restart 重启容器 exit 退出容器
删除容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm MyCentOs MyCentOs [root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f badc3a042c24 badc3a042c24
删除所有容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -q)根据容器的状态，删除 Exited 状态的容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -qf status=exited) 70bb49df69ad 68a20b2c5e62 70fac0e7d2dd a4e36e1f4282
实现数据拷贝
docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATHdocker cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH CONTAINER:DEST_PATH[root@VM-12-2-centos ~]# docker cp /root/mysql.sh dc5e3e7058bc:/root/ [root@VM-12-2-centos ~]# docker exec -it dc5e3e7058bc /bin/bash [root@dc5e3e7058bc /]# cd root/ [root@dc5e3e7058bc ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg anaconda-post-nochroot.log anaconda-post.log buildinfo mysql.sh original-ks.cfg [root@dc5e3e7058bc ~]# exit exit [root@VM-12-2-centos ~]# docker cp dc5e3e7058bc:/root/mysql.sh /mnt [root@VM-12-2-centos ~]# cd /mnt [root@VM-12-2-centos mnt]# ls mysql.sh
部署Nginx 以及端口映射
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx Using default tag: latest Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/nginx ... latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/nginx f03b40093957: Pull complete eed12bbd6494: Pull complete fa7eb8c8eee8: Pull complete 7ff3b2b12318: Pull complete 0f67c7de5f2c: Pull complete 831f51541d38: Pull complete Digest: sha256:af296b188c7b7df99ba960ca614439c99cb7cf252ed7bbc23e90cfda59092305 Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/nginx:latest [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/nginx latest f9c14fe76d50 11 days ago 143 MB //打个标签 [root@localhost ~]# docker tag f9c14fe76d50 docker.io/dreamin/nginx:latest [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/dreamin/nginx latest f9c14fe76d50 11 days ago 143 MB docker.io/nginx latest f9c14fe76d50 11 days ago 143 MB //运行容器 [root@localhost ~]# docker run -it -d --rm --name Mynginx dreamin/nginx 91ffd56990b0fc629630d1de34a6a3060835fe1a3550886df6f8bcf2e11ad80a [root@localhost ~]# docker ps \CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 91ffd56990b0 dreamin/nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 10 seconds ago Up 8 seconds 80/tcp Mynginx [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -ti 91ffd56990b0 /bin/bash root@91ffd56990b0:/# curl 127.0.0.1 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> html { color-scheme: light dark; } body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> root@91ffd56990b0:/# exit exit
p 映射端口
从外部访问容器里面的nginx时，我们需要进行端口的映射。
运行命令为：
docker run -p 容器外端口:容器内端口 容器 ID[root@localhost ~]# docker run -ti -d --rm -p 81:80 91ffd56990b0 Unable to find image '91ffd56990b0:latest' locally Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/91ffd56990b0 ... /usr/bin/docker-current: repository docker.io/91ffd56990b0 not found: does not exist or no pull access. See '/usr/bin/docker-current run --help'.
挂载数据卷
运行命令为：
docker run -v 容器外目录：容器内目录 容器ID//创建目录 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir wwwroot [root@localhost ~]# ls install.sh wwwroot //把百度的index.html下载到本地 [root@localhost ~]# wget www.baidu.com -O index.html --2023-06-05 09:36:18-- http://www.baidu.com/ Resolving www.baidu.com (www.baidu.com)... 124.237.176.4, 124.237.176.3 Connecting to www.baidu.com (www.baidu.com)|124.237.176.4|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 2381 (2.3K) [text/html] Saving to: ‘index.html’ 100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================================================>] 2,381 --.-K/s in 0s 2023-06-05 09:36:18 (214 MB/s) - ‘index.html’ saved [2381/2381] //运行容器并挂载目录 [root@localhost wwwroot]# dokcer run -ti -d --rm --name nginx_with_baidu -p 82:80 -v /root/wwwroot/:/usr/share/nginx/html dreamin/nginx -bash: dokcer: command not found [root@localhost wwwroot]# docker run -ti -d --rm --name nginx_with_baidu -p 82:80 -v /root/wwwroot/:/usr/share/nginx/html dreamin/nginx 01278235ffa023516f3ef921ae175f0ae6514b353839fd25e66a7231333e1f3e
匿名挂载数据卷
运行命令为：
docker run -v 容器内目录 容器ID//运行匿名容器 注：-P表示随机映射端口 [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -P --name nginx01 -v /etc/nginx nginx 363f2b4ad961571dd872a2073f4f29549e7f842df73cca7cbc9e07bd41a24a18 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 363f2b4ad961 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 17 seconds ago Up 15 seconds 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp nginx01 01278235ffa0 dreamin/nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 16 minutes ago Up 16 minutes 0.0.0.0:82->80/tcp nginx_with_baidu 91ffd56990b0 dreamin/nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 42 minutes ago Up 42 minutes 80/tcp Mynginx //查看挂载详情 [root@localhost ~]# docker volume ls DRIVER VOLUME NAME local 37539a0143126f17e4ad9a9044a6c9087414e2c371ea404a89d89cc65203e362 [root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 363f2b4ad961 | grep volume "Type": "volume", "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/37539a0143126f17e4ad9a9044a6c9087414e2c371ea404a89d89cc65203e362/_data",
具体挂载数据卷
运行命令为：
docker run -v 卷名称:容器内目录 容器ID[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v jumping:/etc/nginx nginx 9742bfe27d5cbb1efee7118512aa62727ef1668c12044f2d4e3f08ca63164d29 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 9742bfe27d5c nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 25 seconds ago Up 22 seconds 0.0.0.0:32769->80/tcp nginx02 363f2b4ad961 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp nginx01 01278235ffa0 dreamin/nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 22 minutes ago Up 22 minutes 0.0.0.0:82->80/tcp nginx_with_baidu 91ffd56990b0 dreamin/nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." 49 minutes ago Up 49 minutes 80/tcp Mynginx [root@localhost ~]# docker volume ls DRIVER VOLUME NAME local 37539a0143126f17e4ad9a9044a6c9087414e2c371ea404a89d89cc65203e362 local jumping //查看挂载详情 [root@localhost ~]# docker volume inspect jumping [ { "Driver": "local", "Labels": null, "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/jumping/_data", "Name": "jumping", "Options": {}, "Scope": "local" } ]
查看容器运行的细节
//查看详细的映射关系 [root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 01278235ffa0 | grep share "/root/wwwroot/:/usr/share/nginx/html" "Destination": "/usr/share/nginx/html",
运行容器传递环境变量
运行命令为：
docker run -e 变量名=变量值 容器ID//传递单个环境变量 [root@localhost ~]# docker run --rm -e name=dreamin dreamin/alpine printenv PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin HOSTNAME=9969e29efd62 name=dreamin HOME=/root //传递多个环境变量 [root@localhost ~]# docker run --rm -e name=dreamin -e age=21 dreamin/alpine printenv PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin HOSTNAME=ae7263222e57 name=dreamin age=21 HOME=/root